Electric peening machine



Febb Ege A., Book@ ELECTRIC PEENING MCHINE Iihlvd April 29. 1922 5 Shetswshaqt 2 Feb, E2 g 92@ Lg R. A. Boom@ ELECTRIC PEENING MACHINE A Filed April 2,9. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 l Il, if I 4 man NNW m uw mm fwn 2Q. ma@ 5 shwrs-shew s amm .Textdateien/rit 01mg/ concern.' c p l it known that I, RICHARD A. Booman,

Patented YFeb. y11.92%;

narran" stares earner nii-norme Paname Macarena` Applicationled April 29, i922. Seria-1h16. 557,472.

are tjizen of the United States, residing at Rielirnondv;` inthe county of Wayne andc State ot Indiana, have invented new and useful-,5 .Improvements in Electric 1 Peening lvlachinesiot which the following-is a speci-4 float-101i. l

, The present invention relates to hammeriiilgor peen-ing machines :tor hammering pis ton-rings; `'While intended particularly forpeening piston rings, it will be understood that it might be adapted' to uses other than the fspecific use herein shown {,lthas for its object to provide a machine iii which the peeningoperation may-be rapiicl-l57 and accurately performed; in which the blows of the peening device upon-the ring are automatically and accurately graduated, and` which provides for strikingl av given i'inmbei of blow-s. "l

.It is. now customary to' hammer or peen piston.'rings` onl their inner peripheries in orden to'give the proper set and uniform tension, .so far as this can be-acconiplished` to the ring throughout its circumferential leiigtli,and it has been proposed to secure thisset; and uniform tension b v graduating rving the density of the met-al of the ringzfin certain portions thereof, Under the present practice, the blows are heaviest and therdensity.greatest.at a point ,opposite the ends o't` the ring, these rings, in order that Athey4 may expand and contract, beingsplit or cut at one point in their circumferential length rTheoretically, b v making` the heaviest blows and giving the greatest densvto the ring at the point opposite this cntgwthe l'tension of the ring is made more uniform, and it has been proposed to graduate. thepeeiiing blows i'ii each direction from this-.point of greater density oppositethe ciit;iiijtlie ring, the blows. and co1is`e i1iieiitl3v ,the densityio'f the ring. gradually decreasA ing asthev approach the efid of the ring. 'Tariioujs expediente have lieen adopted for securing this graduated peenincr of the ring,

'and ,my present development an improve ment on. thefdevice now known to me -ioif accomplishing this Brieiv. l accomplish-this resultby a novel mechanism in which, lin'addition to other features of noveltr which, will be hereinafter more fully set fortlnli haveprovidedimeans.

fork automatically controlling the blow of struction.

lprovided centi-all)7 with anorilice 18,

the peeiiing tool, such means being an ,electrically controlled hammer or equivalent devicc,'the blows ot' which, as the peening operation proceeds, are varied by means ot a Fig. 1 is a view in front elevation of a peening machine constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is an end view looking from the right in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 isa vertical sectional view substantially on the lirne (if-Fig; 1.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the machine.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic viewl to show the magnet circuit and the resistance. which coul trois the action of the peening tool.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a'm'ake and break device suitable. for controlling the number of blows given to the rinfz.

Referring tothefdi'awiiigs b v numbers, like numbers indicating like paris in the several views, 10 indicates the base ot the machine, which may be ol any suitable eo'n- Mounted in said base is da drive" shaft 11-provided with a driving sprocket 12, a fixed c`utch member 13 and a movable clutch member 14 suitably splined to the shaft 1-1 and provided with a clutch operating mechanism which will be later described.

` The shaft 11 is provided with a worin gea-r or equivalent driving element 15 which meshes with-a ring gear 1G mounted in a suitablel frame 17' carried'by the base 10,

the frame 1T being so formed to provide a bearing member in which-.the ring gear 16 rotates..

The ring gear 1G. shown in Fifi. 3.

here shown as ot 'circulan form, although, obvious'ly,thatfis aY matter otdesign'.l the ori lice 13 in the present instance havingl an inclined wall adapted to receive an anvil member 19 which may be removably mounted therein, and secured either by positive en agement with the bore or by any suitab e securing means. The anvil ring 19 is also provided with a central bore 20, which borey terminates in a ring-like abutment 2l forming a seat for thepiston ring 22 which isy toA be peened.

.The mechanism just 'described serves as the rotating instrumentality Ifor advancing the piston ring. Upon rotation of the shaft 11 the wormv 15 'wiltv drive the gear 1. ,ring 16 with the anvil 19 and the ring 22 carried thereby 4through a circumferential path so as to present different portions of the periphery of the ring for peening.

The anvil 19, as shown in Fig. 3, is open centrally so as to give a working space for the lfpeeliing tool, which is shown in this particular instance, as operating i'zrom the side of the anvil opposite that in which the ring is `r placed in its seat. The peening mechanismcomprises the hammer or peen-A ing tool 2.3 which, as shown in the present instance, comprises a bodyportion and a n hammer head having any suitably designed peening point 24. 'The peening tool 23 is pivotally mounted on suitable supports 25 mounted u on the 'base 1() of the machine, and at its orward end is provided with an adjustable spring 2G, the upper end of which is coupled to an arm 27 secured at its rear end to the support 25 and projecting forwardly, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, soY

that there issatendency always to maintain the peening tool 23 in raised position.

The'peening tool 23 carries an armature L 28 below which is disposed electromagnetic means, here shown as two electromagnets 29, which, when energized, will attract the armature 28 carried by the peening tool 23. In the present development the armature 28 is shown as lying transversely ofthe tool 46` 23 with the electromagnets 29 disposed on either side of the tool 23, there being clearness enough between the magnets for vthe tool 23 to operate, this giving a very compact and practicalarrangement, although Vit will be understood that different arrange,- ments of parts may be made.

It will be seen that with this arrangement of members the magnets 29, upon energizationgfrom a .suitable source of current, will attractthe armature 28 and pull comprising a spri'n sup orted bar Awhich' carries an adjustab e tai piece 31 projectin through an opening in the member 27, an

. provided with a nut at its outer end to limit the stroke or movement of` this make and break member 30, ythf\,spring 32 tending to normally maintain .the parts in the position shown Ain Figs. 2 and 3. y

With this arran ement of parts it will be understood that t e current from suitable leads (not shown) passes to the magnets through the make and break device, the armature 28 being normally held in raised position and in Contact with the bar A30. Upon energization of the magnets 29 by -the passage of current, the armature 28, together with the hammer or pcening tool 23 will` be A thrown down against ythe tension of the spring 26; strike its blow on the ring 22, and this downwardv movement .w'vill' break the circuit between th'e armature'28 and the bar 30, deenergizing, momentarily, the mag- .nets 29 and permitting'the spring 26 to return the parts to starting position, thereby` closing the circuit and repeating the energization of the magnets. The mounting of the make and break device 30 on the spring 32 in the manner shown serves to cushion the return stroke of the armature after the peening blow, and prevents any sudden stop of thetool 23 on its return'stroke. The adjustability of the make and break bar 30 permits ad'ustment of the gap between said bar-and t e armature, and by disposing the proximate surfaces of the bar 30 and the armature onl an incline to the horizontal, as

lshown, a smooth sliding mechanical contaetoccurs without any abrupt hammering blow between the parts. The `spring 26 'is of such tension, which tension may be adjusted by the threaded bolt and nut connection of the spring with the'bar 27, as that,

While it wil return the moving parts with proper speed, it will not interfere, materially, with" the effectiveness of the peening tool. f

the peening tool and its associated moving armature parts are spring mounted in both directions so that a smooth mechanical oper-V ation results. l

As hasv been 'heretofore stated, it is customary, in peer-ring piston rings, to graduate the intensity of the blows preferably from a point on the inner periphery of the ring From the foregoing it will be seen that in opfposite directions with gradually de.

creasing force. This has been accomplished heretofore, so as far as the art 1s nowknown to nie,'by varying the length of stroke of the peening tool, which involves more or less complicated mechanical instrumentalities, and incr ases, -materially, the strucy tural parts of t e machine.

In the present development I accomplish this result without altering the length `oi' messes cto' very closelyv and uniformly graduate Athe blow. This result is obtained by pro-v viding theinagnet circuit with a resistance box or'rheostat element 33, the arrangement of magnet circuit, rheostat, Aand make andv break device being diagrammaticallyy shown 'in Fig. 5. f n v y The `variable resistance 33 willhave any usual or desired resistance elements "arranged inthe circuit and so disposed as tobe cut in by tlie'rheostat controller 34; sweeping over the Contact points 35, which control the resistance elements 38. llilliile vvarious mechanical devices may be Yemployed for giving the :proper throw tofthc ycontroller 3e, one satisfactory construction' is that shown herein, in which the said' control arm 34 is `mounted upon a "'rockgshatt 3G arranged in suitable bearings on the frame,and preferably disposed vsoas to project between 'the magnet spools E29. said rock 'haft having at its forward end the crank arm 37. The said crank arm 3T "engages a cam 38 carried the -i'otating ring gear 16, said cam being' suitably plotted so as tov give a movement to the ci-an'kfarm, rock shaft and Icontrol arm 34, which controls the resistance elements in the resistance box33. A spring 33 is provided `which will return the control armvi tov starting positionas the cam 38 revolves, "said spring-being adjustably connected with any suitable arm 34 secured to the frame of the machine.

,These resistances may, of course,"be arranged for any sequence of blows, but 1n vthe present illustrated example, they arrangement of resistance lelements `'will be the peening blows in both directions trom: a center oppslte the split in the piston s ringwhere the-heaviest. blow will be made,

. be seen that in that position the such as that the control arm /34 cuts the resistance elements in and outvto graduate with gradually decreasing blows on either side of' this central blow. To illustrate fromf the diagram shown in Fig. 5, it will resistance elements 33 are all cut in to circuit'and the peening blow struck under this condition yot the parts will be the lightest blow because-ot the cutting' downto the minimum oi the current passing tothe magnet 29.

As the vcontrol arm- 34 is moved by the camv SSit' `will be cut out step by step the resistance' elements until the end ofthe series reached and the resistance is at' its min- '5 point of the resistance 33, gradually cutting im'um with la consequent maximum current to the magnet 29,' resulting in the heaviest blow .of the, peening tool. The control :arm ivill, in the continued operation of the machine. again sweep back over the control in the resistance elements until it has returned 'te lthe position shown in Fig. 25,

namelyto the point wheregftlie blow is at its lightest. a

This is merely one illustration, and it will be clear that the resistances and the control may be so disposed and manipulated as that any desired sequence of blows can be provided for.

lnl order that, if desired, provision may` be made to insure the striking of a given number ot blows the shaft ll may be provided at its end with a make and break or ot such construction as to insulate it, the smaller portion, as here shown, having la conducting band 40 and the larger 'portion having inserts 41 of conducting material in circuit, by any suitable connections, with the conducting band a0. The inserts 4l mayA bein such number as may be desired so that for ,a given number ot' revolutions ofthe shaft ll there will be a given number of energizations of the magnets 29. Resting upon. the portions of the hub will be the conducting members or brushes in'circuit 'as shown. in the diagram of Figure .5 with any suitable source of electricity l so that lastli-efshaft .11 and this make and break attachment. revolves the circuit through the resistance box and the magnets .wil-l be` v'opened and c'l'osed at uniform intervals at such periods of tinieas .may be determinedby the number .of inserts fil in the larger section of thefliub 39, it `being understood that` provisionA will be made whereby the areas-between the inserts 41 are insulated so as to break the circuit.

It is desirable that an automatic stop mechanism be provided .which will throw out the driving mechanism at a predeterminedy time,o and one convenient form of stop mechanism, as hereinillustrated, coniprises the clutch controlling lever 42 pivotp ally mounted on a suitable support on the i frame and projecting tlirouglra suitable aperture in the housing 17 so that its toe 43.

engages t-lie'shoulder'a of the ring gear 16,

at the appropriate point in Vits shoulder, a

toe engagingrecessd, this being-so llocated as that the. toe `4.8 of the clutch shittlever 42 will ydrop into said recess attlie end of the ver 42, which is engaged at its opposite end with the `shittable clutch member la, unsliipping the .clutch and bringing the shaft i peening operation, this movement 4ot the llei to a stop. The said stop lever 42 is provided with a handle 46, by means of which the toe 43 may be thrown out of the recess 45 and the clutch parts reengaged to start the machine. The lever 42 will be so ad- 1lusted as to Weight that its toe 43 Will over- 'alance the clutch parts, so that thev toe 43 will always rest on the shoulder of the surface 44 of the ring gear 16 and'drop into l0 the recess '45. If desired, this result can be accomplished by equivalent means, such as a spring tending always to hold the toe 43 or shoulder 44 From the foregoing it will be seen that a l 'very` compact, easily controlled and re ulated and efli'cient mechanism is provi ed for'peening piston rings.

lVhile I have described a specific mechanical? construction, and that the best now known'to me, it will be obvious that equivalent mechanical elements other than those shown maybe adopted to attain vthe results accomplished b y the illustrated example here given Without departing from tlie range of my invention.

I claim: 4 1. In a machine ofthe class described, the

" combination of a work-holder, a peening tool inoperative relation to the'work in said holder, an electro-magnet to actuate and efect a peening blow ofsaid tool, and automatically operable meansV for controlling current flow in lsaid magnet to vary its actuatillig pull on and 'graduate the blow of said too 2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a travelling work-holder, a peening tool lhaving a constant length of stroke in operative relation to thework in said holder, anA electro-magnet to actuate and effect a peening blow'of said tool, and' automatic means controlled by. a mov/ing Vpart of the machine to control current flow in said magnet to vary its actuating pull on and progressively graduate the blow of said tool on the work in said travelling workholder. v

3. In a machine of the class described, the

' combination vof a travelling work holder, a

peening tool having a constant length. of stroke in operative relation to the work 1n said holder, an electro-magnet to` actuate and effect a peening blow of saidf;v tool, and.

fect a peening blow of said tool, and means controlled by said rotating 4work-holder automatically to vary the current flow in said magnet and progressively graduate its actuating pull on and the blow ofsaid-tool on the Work in said rotating Work-holder.

5. In a machine of the class described, the

combination of a rotating work holding ring, a eening tool having a constant length of stro eprojectmg into the bore of said ring and operative on the work therein at' .a predetermined point in the path of rotation of said work holder, an electro-magnet adjacent said Work holder and in operative relation to said toolA to actuate and effect a peening blow of said tool, a variable resistance in' the circuit of said magnet, and means actuated by said rotating work holder automatically to vary saidresistance and the current flow in .said magnet and progressively graduate its actuating pull and the blow of the Work holder on the Work in said rotating Work holder.

lG. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotating work holder', a peening tool having a constant lengthmtl stroke operative on the work at a vpredetermined point in the path of rotation of said holder, means tending normally to maintainl sairljv tool at the upper end of its stroke, 'an electrb-niagnet in operative relation to said tool to-actuate and effect a peening blow thereof, and circuit interrupting means controlled by said tool.

7. In a machine of the class described, the

combination o-f'a rotating Work holder, a.

peening ,tool having a constant length of stroke operytiveon the werk ata predetermined point `in the path of rotation of said holder, means tending normally to maintain said tool at the upper end of its stroke, an Y electro-magnet in operative relation to said tool to actuate and effect a peening blow thereof, circuit interrupting means controlledby said tool, a variable resistance actuated by said rotating work holder automatically to vary the current flow in said magnet and progressively graduate its ac-A tuating pull on and the blow of said tool on the Work in said rotating work holder.

combination of a rotating work holder, a spring peening tool 1n operative relatlon to the work in said holder, an electro-magnet to actuate said tool against'the action of` its spring and effect a peening blow, a variable resistance in the' circuit of said magnet, means for controlling said variable resistance automatically to vary the currentow in said magnet, and a cam on saidrotating work holder to actuate said resistance controlling means.

9. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotating Work holding ring, av spring peening tooll projecting into 115 8. In a machine of the class described, the.

l means carried by said tool, a jvariable re incassa the bore of saidrmg 1n Operative relation to the work; therein, an electro-magnet adjacent said ring, an arn'iature on saidv tool in the field ollws'aid magnet, circuit interruptingl- 1B cent said tool, an armature on said tool in the tield ot' said magnet, circuit interrupting means carried by Saul-armature, a Variable resistance-in tl'iecircult, acrank shaft liavmg a resistance controlling arm thereon, and

2@ a cam on said ring engaging said crank shaft.

` l'l. lua machine of the class described, the combination `of a suitable base, a gear ringedpport on said base, a gear ring mounted in said "support, means for continuously driving said gear ring, a spring peeningr toolprojectin'g into the bore of said ring viii-operative Vaelation to the Work therein, an electro-magnet with its bobbins disposed on either-side of said tool, an armature lying` transversely of saidk tool in the tield et said electrormagnet, circuit interrupting means carried by said tool, a va-A iablc resistance in the circuit, an oscillating arm controlling said resistance, a crank sli-att to actuate said arm, and a cam on said ring to actuate said' crank arm.

l2. ln a machine of the class described, the combination. of a suitable base, a ring 4Q support on said base, a Work holding ring mounted in said support, means for continuously driving said ring, a peening tool projecting. into the bore of said ring in operatire relation to the Werl; therein, an adau justable spring normally to maintain said tool at rthev upperendoil its stroke, an electrumagnethavmg its'bobbms disposed on cithcisiftle (it-said tool, an 'armature'disposed transversely oi said tool in the field of saidl 150. umgnet,

adjustable circuit interrupting means controlled by said armature, a va- 'riable resistance in the magnet circuit, an

oscillating controller for said resistance, a

crank arm for moving said controller, and a cam on said ring to actuate said crank arm.

13. in a machine ofthe class described, the cembination ot' a rotating Work holding ring,- a 'spring peening tool projecting intov the,'bore thereof in operativeA relation to the ce worlr," electro-magnet adjacent said tool, an au'mat-ure carried in the'ield of said magthefcombination of a base, a ring supporti," mounted thereon, a rotatable work holding ring mounted in Said ring support, a ringv driving shai't to continuously rotate-,said ring, clutclr mechanism on said shaft, 'a` clutch operating lever connected at oneend to'said' driingfshaft and its opposite fend` provided withl a tripping toe engagingv ,the

peripheryotwsaid rotating ring, and means at a predetermined point voi the periphery' ot'v said ringto trip saidglever and clutch mechanism and KVstop rotation 0i' said', shaft and ring. v I.

l5. In a machine of the class. described, the combination-of a base, a ring support mounted thereon, a rotating Worlcxholding 'gear ring mounted in said support, a worm shaft to drive said gear ring, clutch mecha-1y nism on said shaft, aclutch tripping leyer'.

projecting through said support having one' tosaid Worm shaft, anda tripping recess' in the periphery of said ring-'to trip said lever and clutch mechanism and stop rotation of said shaft and ring at a predetermined point.

16. ln a machine of the class described, the ,combination ot' a movable work holder,

means for moving Said work holder, a peening tool in operative relation to said holder and work thereon, an electro-magnet for aC- tuating said-tool, a source or" energy for said magnet, and a circuit interrupter to make and break circuit to said magnet at predetermined intervals.

i7. In a machine ot the class described, the combination of a movable work holder, means for moving Said work holder, a peen- 'ing tool in operative relation to said holder and Work thereon, an electro-magnet for actuating said tool, a source of' energy for said magnet, and al circuit interrupter actuated by the Work holder moving means to make'and break circuit oi said magnet at predetermined intervals.

18. ln a machine oi the class described, the combination of a movable Work holder, means orvmoving said Work holder through a predetermined path, a; peening tool in operativerelation to said holder and Work thereon, anv electro-magnet for actuating said tool, a source otenergy for said magnet, and a circuit interrupter actuated by said work holder moving` means to ymake arnd'break circuit to said magnet at `predetermined interrals during themovement' of said Work holder. l

' l). lnja machine of theclassdescribed, the combination ot a rotatable: Work holder, means for imparting ai'predetein-mined''ann guiar movement tov said work` holder, a peenmg tool in o 'erative relation to said holder 'end thereof engaging with the periphery of f said ring and 'its opposite end connected and Work tereon, an electro-magnet forA the combination of a rotatable work holding said work ring, rotatable means for rotatin holding ring, a peening tool projecting into the bore of sald ringin operative relation to work thereon an electro-magnet for actuating said tool, a source of energy for said magnet. and 'a circuit interrupter carried by said ring', rotating vmeans to make and break .circuit to said magnet at -predeter mined intervals during the rotationiof said- 21'.. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotating Work holding ring, a rotary shaft' for rotating said ring, a peening tool projecting into the bore of Said ring in operative relation to Work thereon, an' 'electro-magnet for actuating said tool, a source of energy for said magnet, .and a circuit interrupter on said rotary shaft to make and break circuit to said magnet at predetermined intervals during the rotation of said ring.

22. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a movable Work holder1 meansfor moving said Work holder, a peaning tool in operative relation to said and work thereon, an electro-magnet for actuating said tool, a source of energy for said magnet, a variable resistance in 'the magnet circuit, a controller for said variable resistance`r and a circuit interrupter to make and break circuit to said magnet at predetermined intervals.

holder 7 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

- RICHARD A. BOOKER. 

